Maps are invaluable visualization and analysis tools that epidemiologist use to identify if there is clustering of cases in any particular place/area. 

There are two types of maps

1. Area map - shows rates of disease or other health conditions using different shades / colours. Useful for comparison of data.

2. Spot map - uses symbols to show where each case or exposure originated.

Maps helps to 

1. Show geographic distribution of cases

2. Identify areas that need attention on priority

3. Focus efforts in identifying the vulnerable populations 

4. Plan health interventions 

5. Mobilise resources appropriately 

6. Monitor outbreaks 

7. Communicate and compare health data between areas

8. Trace causes of infection or exposure (spot map)

1. A spot map is a simple and useful technique for illustrating where cases live, work or may have been exposed

2. Spot map 

   • can show if any clusters or any pattern of distribution exists

   • could point towards a possible aetiology

3. Spot maps are created by

   • place of residence

   • place of work, recreational points

   • room (OT, recovery, ward etc.) in case of hospital